How to enable system extensions on Mac

Mac users often encounter the need to enable system extensions, particularly when running specialized software or using external hardware that requires deeper integration with macOS. Whether you’re using Apple Silicon chips or an Intel-based Mac, understanding how to enable these system extensions can unlock powerful capabilities. But this process also involves knowing the ins and outs of security features and safety measures to protect your system.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about enabling system extensions, the benefits, the security considerations, and more. By the end, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge to manage your MacOS extensions safely and effectively.

What Are System Extensions on Mac?

System extensions in macOS are components that allow third-party applications to add deeper functionalities to your Mac. These extensions replace the older kernel extensions (KEXTs), which provided similar functionality but with more significant security risks.

System extensions come in various forms, including:

• Network extensions: For advanced network management and monitoring tools.
• Endpoint security extensions: Designed to help security software monitor and manage potential threats.
• Driver extensions: Allow third-party hardware, such as audio interfaces or graphics cards, to integrate with macOS.

Difference Between System Extensions and Kernel Extensions (KEXTs)

While kernel extensions operated at a core level, giving software direct access to system internals, system extensions run in user space, which adds an extra layer of protection. Apple’s security measures ensure that system extensions cannot tamper with sensitive parts of macOS, which reduces the chance of malware exploiting this functionality.

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Here’s a quick comparison table:

Feature	Kernel Extensions (KEXTs)	System Extensions
Runs in	Kernel space	User space
Security Risk	High	Low
macOS Compatibility	Supported up to macOS Catalina	Supported from macOS Big Sur onward
Developer Requirement	Notarization	Notarization and System Extension Approval

Why Enable System Extensions on Mac?

System extensions unlock additional capabilities that are often essential for certain third-party applications and hardware support. They allow apps to operate at a deeper system level, providing you with more control, enhanced functionalities, and expanded use cases.

When Do You Need System Extensions?

Some common situations where you might need to enable system extensions include:

• Installing security software, such as antivirus programs that need deeper access to monitor system threats.
• Using external hardware, such as USB peripherals or audio devices, that requires specific drivers to function properly.
• Running third-party software that offers advanced networking, VPN, or performance monitoring tools.

For example, many external programs related to network security or custom hardware setups require these extensions to perform their tasks efficiently.

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Pre-requisites Before Enabling System Extensions

Before diving into the process of enabling system extensions, it’s essential to check a few key things:

1. macOS Version: Ensure your macOS is up to date. System extensions are supported in macOS Big Sur and later. If you’re running an older version, you might need to rely on older kernel extensions.
2. Admin Privileges: You’ll need administrator access to approve system extensions.
3. Trusted Developers: Only allow extensions from trusted developers. Installing system extensions from unknown or unverified developers can compromise your MacOS safety.

It’s also a good idea to back up your data using Time Machine or another backup solution, just in case something goes wrong during the process.

How to Enable System Extensions on Mac

Now, let’s get into the process. Here’s how to enable system extensions on a Mac running macOS Big Sur, Monterey, or Ventura:

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Step 1: Open System Preferences

Go to your Mac’s System Preferences. You can find this by clicking the Apple logo in the top-left corner of your screen and selecting “System Preferences.”

Step 2: Go to Security & Privacy

In System Preferences, click on Security & Privacy. Once you’re there, you’ll likely see a message indicating that a system extension was blocked.

Tip: If you’re using Apple Silicon chips (M1, M2, etc.), you may need to use the startup security utility to allow system extensions.

Step 3: Unlock the Security Settings

In the lower-left corner of the Security & Privacy window, click the padlock icon. You will be prompted to enter your admin password to unlock these settings.

Step 4: Approve the System Extension

Once the lock is opened, you’ll see an option to approve the extension under the message that a system extension was blocked. Click “Allow.”

Step 5: Restart Your Mac (If Prompted)

In some cases, macOS will require you to restart your machine to complete the process. After the reboot, your system extension should be enabled, and the application or hardware should function properly.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

If your system extension is blocked and you don’t see an “Allow” option:

• Make sure you’re logged in as an administrator.
• Check whether you’re using an older version of macOS that doesn’t support system extensions.
• For Apple Silicon chips, follow these additional steps:
• Shut down your Mac.
• Hold the power button until “Loading startup options” appears.
• Select Options > Continue, then open Startup Security Utility and reduce security to allow system extensions.

Is It Safe to Enable System Extensions on Mac?

Enabling system extensions from trusted sources is generally safe, but there are a few security implications to consider.

Apple’s Built-In Security Features

Apple introduced System Integrity Protection (SIP) to protect macOS from malicious software. While system extensions can extend macOS functionality, they run within a sandboxed environment, meaning they have limited access to core system files.

Additionally, Apple Silicon chips come with advanced security features such as the Secure Enclave and hardware-verified boot, making it even more difficult for malicious extensions to compromise your system.

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Risks of Enabling System Extensions from Untrusted Sources

While trusted developers follow Apple’s guidelines and ensure that their extensions are secure, some less-reputable developers might not. Extensions from unknown developers could introduce vulnerabilities or malware. Always ensure you’re downloading software from verified and reputable sources.

How to Identify Trusted Developers

Apple provides several tools to verify developer credibility. Here are some security tips:

• Always check for a developer’s digital signature.
• Look for notarized software, as Apple reviews these apps for malware.
• Use tools like Gatekeeper to block untrusted apps.

Security Best Practices While Enabling System Extensions

When dealing with system extensions, especially those from third-party developers, it’s essential to follow some security guidelines to protect your Mac. Here are some top security tips:

• Install from Verified Developers Only: Always download apps and extensions from official websites or the Mac App Store. Avoid torrent sites or shady sources.
• Regularly Update Your macOS: New security patches and updates help ensure that your system stays protected.
• Review Extension Permissions: Always review the permissions granted to system extensions. Some might ask for unnecessary access, which can be a red flag.
• Use Antivirus Software: A good security practice is to use reliable antivirus software to monitor system changes and ensure that any installed extensions aren’t malicious.

How to Disable or Remove System Extensions (If Necessary)

Sometimes, you may want to disable or remove a system extension, whether it’s causing issues or no longer needed. Here’s how to do it:

Step 1: Open System Preferences

Go to System Preferences > Security & Privacy.

Step 2: Go to the General Tab

In the General tab, look for the system extension you want to remove.

Step 3: Disable the Extension

Click the Deny or Disable button next to the system extension, and follow the prompts to remove it from your system.

For older kernel extensions, the process may involve using terminal commands or third-party tools to fully remove the system drivers.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some frequently asked questions about enabling system extensions on a Mac.

Can I Enable System Extensions on Older macOS Versions?

Yes, but if you’re using macOS Catalina or earlier, you’ll be dealing with kernel extensions (KEXTs) instead of system extensions. These are generally less secure and require more manual intervention.

What Happens If a System Extension Isn’t Approved?

If you don’t approve the extension within 30 minutes, the request disappears, and you’ll need to manually approve it again through System Preferences > Security & Privacy.

How Do I Know If My System Extension Is Working Correctly?

After enabling the extension, use the app or hardware associated with it. If everything works smoothly, the extension is active. You can also check for logs or alerts in System Preferences to confirm its status.

What Should I Do If My Mac Behaves Abnormally After Enabling Extensions?

Sometimes, a system extension may conflict with other software or hardware. If this happens, disable the extension and see if the problem resolves itself. If necessary, reinstall the problematic software or consult the developer for updates.

Conclusion

Enabling system extensions on a Mac is a powerful way to unlock additional functionality, particularly for specialized third-party applications and hardware support. However, it’s crucial to follow security tips, enable extensions only from trusted developers, and ensure your macOS